Lewis' theory of counterfactuals is the foundation of many contemporary
notions of causality. In this paper, we extend this theory in the temporal
direction to enable symbolic counterfactual reasoning on infinite sequences,
such as counterexamples found by a model checker and trajectories produced by a
reinforcement learning agent. In particular, our extension considers a more
relaxed notion of similarity between worlds and proposes two additional
counterfactual operators that close a semantic gap between the previous two in
this more general setting. Further, we consider versions of counterfactuals
that minimize the distance to the witnessing counterfactual worlds, a common
requirement in causal analysis. To automate counterfactual reasoning in the
temporal domain, we introduce a logic that combines temporal and counterfactual
operators, and outline decision procedures for the satisfiability and
trace-checking problems of this logic.

该研究论文扩展了 Lewis 关于反事实推理的理论，提出了一个结合时间和反事实操作的逻辑来自动化推理并解决可满足性和追踪检查问题。

时序逻辑的模数下的反事实

Counterfactuals Modulo Temporal Logics

In multi-person pose estimation actors can be heavily occluded, even become
fully invisible behind another person. While temporal methods can still predict
a reasonable estimation for a temporarily disappeared pose using past and
future frames, they exhibit large errors nevertheless. We present an energy
minimization approach to generate smooth, valid trajectories in time, bridging
gaps in visibility. We show that it is better than other interpolation based
approaches and achieves state of the art results. In addition, we present the
synthetic MuCo-Temp dataset, a temporal extension of the MuCo-3DHP dataset. Our
code is made publicly available.

本文介绍了一种基于能量最小化的方法，用于解决多人姿态估计中的遮挡问题，该方法在时间上生成平滑、有效的轨迹，填补可视性差的空隙，实现了优于其他基于插值的方法的结果；同时，我们提出了合成的 MuCo-Temp 数据集，该数据集是 MuCo-3DHP 数据集的时间扩展。