Foundation models (e.g., ChatGPT, DALL-E, PengCheng Mind, PanGu-$\Sigma$)
have demonstrated extraordinary performance in key technological areas, such as
natural language processing and visual recognition, and have become the
mainstream trend of artificial general intelligence. This has led more and more
major technology giants to dedicate significant human and financial resources
to actively develop their foundation model systems, which drives continuous
growth of these models' parameters. As a result, the training and serving of
these models have posed significant challenges, including substantial computing
power, memory consumption, bandwidth demands, etc. Therefore, employing
efficient training and serving strategies becomes particularly crucial. Many
researchers have actively explored and proposed effective methods. So, a
comprehensive survey of them is essential for system developers and
researchers. This paper extensively explores the methods employed in training
and serving foundation models from various perspectives. It provides a detailed
categorization of these state-of-the-art methods, including finer aspects such
as network, computing, and storage. Additionally, the paper summarizes the
challenges and presents a perspective on the future development direction of
foundation model systems. Through comprehensive discussion and analysis, it
hopes to provide a solid theoretical basis and practical guidance for future
research and applications, promoting continuous innovation and development in
foundation model systems.

本文全面探讨了基础模型的训练和服务方法，提供了详细的分类，并总结了挑战和未来发展方向。通过全面的讨论和分析，为未来的研究和应用提供了坚实的理论基础和实践指导，促进基础模型系统的持续创新和发展。