In graph machine learning, data collection, sharing, and analysis often
involve multiple parties, each of which may require varying levels of data
security and privacy. To this end, preserving privacy is of great importance in
protecting sensitive information. In the era of big data, the relationships
among data entities have become unprecedentedly complex, and more applications
utilize advanced data structures (i.e., graphs) that can support network
structures and relevant attribute information. To date, many graph-based AI
models have been proposed (e.g., graph neural networks) for various domain
tasks, like computer vision and natural language processing. In this paper, we
focus on reviewing privacy-preserving techniques of graph machine learning. We
systematically review related works from the data to the computational aspects.
We first review methods for generating privacy-preserving graph data. Then we
describe methods for transmitting privacy-preserved information (e.g., graph
model parameters) to realize the optimization-based computation when data
sharing among multiple parties is risky or impossible. In addition to
discussing relevant theoretical methodology and software tools, we also discuss
current challenges and highlight several possible future research opportunities
for privacy-preserving graph machine learning. Finally, we envision a unified
and comprehensive secure graph machine learning system.

在图机器学习中，数据的收集、共享和分析往往涉及多个参与方，每个参与方可能需要不同级别的数据安全和隐私保护。为此，在保护敏感信息方面，保持隐私非常重要。在大数据时代，数据实体之间的关系变得前所未有的复杂，越来越多的应用程序利用了支持网络结构和相关属性信息的先进数据结构（即图）。迄今为止，许多基于图的人工智能通过生成隐私保护图数据的方法和传输隐私保护信息（例如图模型参数）的方法来实现基于优化的计算，当在多个参与方之间共享数据是有风险或不可能时。除了讨论相关的理论方法和软件工具外，我们还讨论了当前的挑战，并突出了隐私保护图机器学习的若干未来研究机会。最后，我们构想了一个统一而综合的安全图机器学习系统。