We propose a Perceiver-based sequence classifier to detect abnormalities in
speech reflective of several neurological disorders. We combine this classifier
with a Universal Speech Model (USM) that is trained (unsupervised) on 12
million hours of diverse audio recordings. Our model compresses long sequences
into a small set of class-specific latent representations and a factorized
projection is used to predict different attributes of the disordered input
speech. The benefit of our approach is that it allows us to model different
regions of the input for different classes and is at the same time data
efficient. We evaluated the proposed model extensively on a curated corpus from
the Mayo Clinic. Our model outperforms standard transformer (80.9%) and
perceiver (81.8%) models and achieves an average accuracy of 83.1%. With
limited task-specific data, we find that pretraining is important and
surprisingly pretraining with the unrelated automatic speech recognition (ASR)
task is also beneficial. Encodings from the middle layers provide a mix of both
acoustic and phonetic information and achieve best prediction results compared
to just using the final layer encodings (83.1% vs. 79.6%). The results are
promising and with further refinements may help clinicians detect speech
abnormalities without needing access to highly specialized speech-language
pathologists.

我们提出了一种基于感知器的序列分类器，用于检测反映多种神经系统疾病的语音异常。我们将这个分类器与一个训练有素（无监督训练）的通用语音模型（USM）结合起来，该模型在 1200 万小时的多样化音频记录上进行训练。我们的模型将长序列压缩为一组小的与类别相关的潜在表示，并使用分解投影来预测有序输入语音的不同属性。我们的方法的好处是，它允许我们对输入的不同区域进行不同类别的建模，同时具有数据效率。我们在 Mayo Clinic 的手稿语料库上对提出的模型进行了广泛评估。我们的模型的性能优于标准的 Transformer 模型（80.9%）和感知器模型（81.8%），平均准确率达到 83.1%。通过有限的任务特定数据，我们发现预训练是重要的，并且出乎意料的是，预训练与不相关的自动语音识别（ASR）任务也是有益的。中间层的编码提供了声学和语音信息的混合，并且相对于仅使用最终层的编码（83.1% 对比 79.6%），获得了最佳预测结果。这些结果有很大的潜力，并且在进一步的改进后或许可以帮助医生检测语音异常而无需接触高度专业的言语病理学家。

利用基于感知器的序列分类器和通用语音模型检测语音异常

Detecting Speech Abnormalities with a Perceiver-based Sequence  Classifier that Leverages a Universal Speech Model

We introduce the Universal Speech Model (USM), a single large model that
performs automatic speech recognition (ASR) across 100+ languages. This is
achieved by pre-training the encoder of the model on a large unlabeled
multilingual dataset of 12 million (M) hours spanning over 300 languages, and
fine-tuning on a smaller labeled dataset. We use multilingual pre-training with
random-projection quantization and speech-text modality matching to achieve
state-of-the-art performance on downstream multilingual ASR and speech-to-text
translation tasks. We also demonstrate that despite using a labeled training
set 1/7-th the size of that used for the Whisper model, our model exhibits
comparable or better performance on both in-domain and out-of-domain speech
recognition tasks across many languages.

本论文介绍了通用语音模型（USM），它能够在 100 多种语言中自动识别语音，并使用多语言预训练和随机投影量化等技术来实现跨语言自动语音识别和语音到文本转换这些任务的最先进水平。同时，本文证明使用少量的标记数据集进行训练的 USM 模型在很多语言的领域内和领域外的语音识别任务中表现出了与 Whisper 模型相当或更好的性能。