TL;DR在人工智能发展的三个阶段中,手工知识和数据驱动成为前两个阶段的关键,但现在的第三个阶段中,知识得到了全面的应用,使得 AI 系统更加具有人类智能化的思维,包括结合数据和符号 AI 系统的能力,以获得更高层次的人工智能。
Abstract
We discuss how over the last 30 to 50 years, artificial intelligence (AI)
systems that focused only on data have been handicapped, and how knowledge has
been critical in developing smarter, intelligent, and more effective systems.
In fact, the vast progress in AI can be viewed in terms