TL;DR使用替代品来充当反事实标签以解决缺失真实后果问题，从而实现对基于 AI 的自动决策系统中使用提升模型进行公平评估的增强。
Abstract
The acceleration in the adoption of ai-based automated decision-making
systems poses a challenge for evaluating the fairness of algorithmic decisions,
especially in the absence of ground truth. When designing interventions, uplift
modeling is used extensively to identify candidates tha