The goal of our research was to investigate the effects of collaboration
between academia and industry on Natural Language Processing (NLP). To do this,
we created a pipeline to extract affiliations and citations from NLP papers and
divided them into three categories: academia, industry, and hybrid
(collaborations between academia and industry). Our empirical analysis found
that there is a trend towards an increase in industry and academia-industry
collaboration publications and that these types of publications tend to have a
higher impact compared to those produced solely within academia.

调查学术界与工业界协作对自然语言处理（NLP）的影响，通过从 NLP 论文中提取机构和引用构建了一个流程，并将其分为学术界、工业界和混合界（学术界与工业界的协作）。我们的实证分析发现，工业界和学术界 - 工业界合作发表的论文数量呈增长趋势，并且这些类型的论文比仅由学术界产生的论文具有更高的影响力。

我应与谁合作？自然语言处理中学术界和工业界研究合作的比较研究

Who should I Collaborate with? A Comparative Study of Academia and  Industry Research Collaboration in NLP

There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in
academia suggesting that women are under-represented in most scientific
disciplines, publish fewer articles throughout a career, and their work
acquires fewer citations. Here, we offer a comprehensive picture of
longitudinal gender discrepancies in performance through a bibliometric
analysis of academic careers by reconstructing the complete publication history
of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended
between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines. We find that,
paradoxically, the increase of participation of women in science over the past
60 years was accompanied by an increase of gender differences in both
productivity and impact. Most surprisingly though, we uncover two gender
invariants, finding that men and women publish at a comparable annual rate and
have equivalent career-wise impact for the same size body of work. Finally, we
demonstrate that differences in dropout rates and career length explain a large
portion of the reported career-wise differences in productivity and impact.
This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academia can help rephrase
the conversation around the sustainability of women's careers in academia, with
important consequences for institutions and policy makers.

本文采用文献计量学方法，对包含 83 个国家和 13 个学科领域内超过 150 万名女性作者的完整出版历史进行研究，发现过去 60 年女性在科学领域参与度的增加伴随着生产力和影响力方面的性别差异增加。对同样的工作规模，男性和女性每年的发表率相近，影响力也相当。辍学率和职业生涯长度的差异是解释性别差异的原因。

不同国家和学科科学事业中的性别不平等的历史比较

Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across  countries and disciplines

Gender disparities appear to be decreasing in academia according to a number
of metrics, such as grant funding, hiring, acceptance at scholarly journals,
and productivity, and it might be tempting to think that gender inequity will
soon be a problem of the past. However, a large-scale analysis based on over
eight million papers across the natural sciences, social sciences, and
humanities re- reveals a number of understated and persistent ways in which
gender inequities remain. For instance, even where raw publication counts seem
to be equal between genders, close inspection reveals that, in certain fields,
men predominate in the prestigious first and last author positions. Moreover,
women are significantly underrepresented as authors of single-authored papers.
Academics should be aware of the subtle ways that gender disparities can appear
in scholarly authorship.

研究表明，尽管在学术界中，诸如助研资金、雇佣、在学术期刊上发表文章，以及学术产出等方面的性别差距正在逐渐减少，但仍存在许多被低估和持久的性别不平等现象，尤其在某些领域，男性占据了显赫的第一作者和最后作者的位置，而女性在单一作者论文中的表现显著不足，需要引起学者的注意。