This article presents a comprehensive overview of the digital twin technology
and its capability levels, with a specific focus on its applications in the
wind energy industry. It consolidates the definitions of digital twin and its
capability levels on a scale from 0-5; 0-standalone, 1-descriptive,
2-diagnostic, 3-predictive, 4-prescriptive, 5-autonomous. It then, from an
industrial perspective, identifies the current state of the art and research
needs in the wind energy sector. The article proposes approaches to the
identified challenges from the perspective of research institutes and offers a
set of recommendations for diverse stakeholders to facilitate the acceptance of
the technology. The contribution of this article lies in its synthesis of the
current state of knowledge and its identification of future research needs and
challenges from an industry perspective, ultimately providing a roadmap for
future research and development in the field of digital twin and its
applications in the wind energy industry.

本文从 0-5 的层次对数字孪生技术的定义及其能力水平进行了综合概述，着重介绍了其在风能行业中的应用。从工业角度出发，确定了当前风能领域的现状和研究需求，并从研究机构的角度提出了解决这些挑战的方法，并为促进科技接受提供了一组建议，为数字孪生技术和其在风能行业应用的未来研究和发展提供了路线图。