We study the phenomenon of categorical perception within the quantum
measurement process. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon consists in
dilating stimuli being perceived to belong to different categories and
contracting stimuli being perceived to belong to the same category. We show
that, due to the naturally different way in determining the distance between
pure states compared to the distance between density states, the phenomenon of
categorical perception is rooted in the structure of the quantum measurement
process itself. We apply our findings to the situation of visual perception of
colors and argue that it is possible to consider colors as light quanta for
human visual perception in a similar way as photons are light quanta for
physical measurements of light frequencies. In our approach we see perception
as a complex encounter between the existing physical reality, the stimuli, and
the reality expected by the perciever, resulting in the experience of the
percepts. We investigate what that means for the situation of two colors, which
we call Light and Dark, given our findings on categorical perception within the
quantum measurement process.

我们研究了量子测量过程中的范畴感知现象，发现传统的范畴感知机制与量子测量过程的结构有关。我们将这一发现应用于颜色的视觉感知，并认为颜色可以像光子一样被视为人类视觉感知的光量。通过将现实物理、刺激和感知者期望之间的复杂互动看作是感知的基础，我们探究了这对我们所称的 “光” 和 “暗” 两种颜色的情况。

色彩是否是人类视觉的光子数量？一项关于视觉感知的量子认知研究

Are Colors Quanta of Light for Human Vision? A Quantum Cognition Study  of Visual Perception

For two decades, the formalism of quantum mechanics has been successfully
used to describe human decision processes, situations of heuristic reasoning,
and the contextuality of concepts and their combinations. The phenomenon of
'categorical perception' has put us on track to find a possible deeper cause of
the presence of this quantum structure in human cognition. Thus, we show that
in an archetype of human perception consisting of the reconciliation of a
bottom up stimulus with a top down cognitive expectation pattern, there arises
the typical warping of categorical perception, where groups of stimuli clump
together to form quanta, which move away from each other and lead to a
discretization of a dimension. The individual concepts, which are these quanta,
can be modeled by a quantum prototype theory with the square of the absolute
value of a corresponding Schrödinger wave function as the fuzzy prototype
structure, and the superposition of two such wave functions accounts for the
interference pattern that occurs when these concepts are combined. Using a
simple quantum measurement model, we analyze this archetype of human
perception, provide an overview of the experimental evidence base for
categorical perception with the phenomenon of warping leading to quantization,
and illustrate our analyses with two examples worked out in detail.

研究表明，人类感知的量子结构的根源是对自下而上刺激与自上而下认知期望模式的调和，导致了感知的类别化扭曲现象并形成 “quanta”，可用量子原型理论进行建模，而这些 “quanta” 之间存在离散化的距离，导致它们的组合呈现出干涉图案。

人类感知作为量化现象

Human Perception as a Phenomenon of Quantization

We propose a general framework to study language emergence through signaling
games with neural agents. Using a continuous latent space, we are able to (i)
train using backpropagation, (ii) show that discrete messages nonetheless
naturally emerge. We explore whether categorical perception effects follow and
show that the messages are not compositional.

本文提出了一种基于信号博弈和神经代理的语言产生的通用框架，通过采用连续潜空间，我们能够使用反向传播训练，展示离散信息的自然出现，探讨分类感知效应的跟进，并表明这些信息不是组成式的。