Energy cost is increasingly crucial in the modern computing industry with the
wide deployment of large-scale machine learning models and language models. For
the firms that provide computing services, low energy consumption is important
both from the perspective of their own market growth and the government's
regulations. In this paper, we study the energy benefits of quantum computing
vis-a-vis classical computing. Deviating from the conventional notion of
quantum advantage based solely on computational complexity, we redefine
advantage in an energy efficiency context. Through a Cournot competition model
constrained by energy usage, we demonstrate quantum computing firms can
outperform classical counterparts in both profitability and energy efficiency
at Nash equilibrium. Therefore quantum computing may represent a more
sustainable pathway for the computing industry. Moreover, we discover that the
energy benefits of quantum computing economies are contingent on large-scale
computation. Based on real physical parameters, we further illustrate the scale
of operation necessary for realizing this energy efficiency advantage.

通过对能源成本和量子计算与经典计算的比较研究，本文重新定义量子优势，并证明在能耗受限制的竞争模型下，量子计算能够在盈利和能源效率上优于经典计算，因此可能成为计算行业更可持续的发展路径。此外，我们发现量子计算的能源优势依赖于大规模计算，通过实际物理参数进一步说明了实现这种能源效率优势所需的运作规模。

量子经济的势能优势

Potential Energy Advantage of Quantum Economy

Algorithms are becoming more capable, and with that comes hic sunt dracones
(here be dragons). The term symbolizes areas beyond our known maps. We use this
term since we are stepping into an exciting, potentially dangerous, and unknown
area with algorithms. Our curiosity to understand the natural world drives our
search for new methods. For this reason, it is crucial to explore this subject.
The project's objective is to overlay the information obtained, in
conjunction with the state of hardware today, to see if we can determine the
likely directions for future algorithms'. Even though we slightly cover
non-classical computing in this paper, our primary focus is on classical
computing (i.e., digital computers). It is worth noting that non-classical
quantum computing requires classical computers to operate; they are not
mutually exclusive.

本研究探讨算法领域的未来发展方向，重点关注数字计算机与非经典计算机并存的自然世界中的算法应用。