The growing reliance on digital twins across various industries and domains
brings with it semantic interoperability challenges. Ontologies are a
well-known strategy for addressing such challenges, though given the complexity
of the phenomenon, there are risks of reintroducing the interoperability
challenges at the level of ontology representations. In the interest of
avoiding such pitfalls, we introduce and defend characterizations of digital
twins within the context of the Common Core Ontologies, an extension of the
widely-used Basic Formal Ontology. We provide a set of definitions and design
patterns relevant to the domain of digital twins, highlighted by illustrative
use cases of digital twins and their physical counterparts. In doing so, we
provide a foundation on which to build more sophisticated ontological content
related and connected to digital twins.

基于常用核心本体论的数字孪生特征及其与本体论的相关设计模式，为数字孪生领域提供定义和设计模式，并通过实例应用案例对数字孪生及其实际对应物进行了重点阐述，为进一步构建与数字孪生相关的更复杂本体论内容提供基础。

数字孪生的基础

Foundations for Digital Twins

The Common Core Ontologies (CCO) are designed as a mid-level ontology suite
that extends the Basic Formal Ontology. CCO has since been increasingly adopted
by a broad group of users and applications and is proposed as the first
standard mid-level ontology. Despite these successes, documentation of the
contents and design patterns of the CCO has been comparatively minimal. This
paper is a step toward providing enhanced documentation for the mid-level
ontology suite through a discussion of the contents of the eleven ontologies
that collectively comprise the Common Core Ontology suite.

该论文通过对 Common Core Ontology suite 的十一个本体论的内容进行讨论，提供了对中级本体论套件的增强文档。