Research in artificial intelligence (AI) for social good presupposes some
definition of social good, but potential definitions have been seldom suggested
and never agreed upon. The normative question of what AI for social good
research should be "for" is not thoughtfully elaborated, or is frequently
addressed with a utilitarian outlook that prioritizes the needs of the majority
over those who have been historically marginalized, brushing aside realities of
injustice and inequity. We argue that AI for social good ought to be assessed
by the communities that the AI system will impact, using as a guide the
capabilities approach, a framework to measure the ability of different policies
to improve human welfare equity. Furthermore, we lay out how AI research has
the potential to catalyze social progress by expanding and equalizing
capabilities. We show how the capabilities approach aligns with a participatory
approach for the design and implementation of AI for social good research in a
framework we introduce called PACT, in which community members affected should
be brought in as partners and their input prioritized throughout the project.
We conclude by providing an incomplete set of guiding questions for carrying
out such participatory AI research in a way that elicits and respects a
community's own definition of social good.

本文探讨了人工智能的社会好处，并提出社群参与的可能性，该研究应始终考虑社区的权益和利益。

构想社群：面向社会公益的人机参与方法

Envisioning Communities: A Participatory Approach Towards AI for Social  Good

Developing a 21st Century Global Library for Mathematics Research discusses
how information about what the mathematical literature contains can be
formalized and made easier to express, encode, and explore. Many of the tools
necessary to make this information system a reality will require much more than
indexing and will instead depend on community input paired with machine
learning, where mathematicians' expertise can fill the gaps of automatization.
This report proposes the establishment of an organization; the development of a
set of platforms, tools, and services; the deployment of an ongoing applied
research program to complement the development work; and the mobilization and
coordination of the mathematical community to take the first steps toward these
capabilities. The report recommends building on the extensive work done by many
dedicated individuals under the rubric of the World Digital Mathematical
Library, as well as many other community initiatives. Developing a 21st Century
Global Library for Mathematics envisions a combination of machine learning
methods and community-based editorial effort that makes a significantly greater
portion of the information and knowledge in the global mathematical corpus
available to researchers as linked open data through a central organizational
entity-referred to in the report as the Digital Mathematics Library. This
report describes how such a library might operate - discussing development and
research needs, role in facilitating discover and interaction, and establishing
partnerships with publishers.

本文讨论了如何发展 21 世纪的全球数学图书馆，提出了利用机器学习和社区协作的方式，将全球数学文献中的信息和知识以链接开放数据的形式更好地提供给研究人员，以此建立数学信息的集成式系统。