The non-zero mass of neutrinos suppresses the growth of cosmic structure on
small scales. Since the level of suppression depends on the sum of the masses
of the three active neutrino species, the evolution of large-scale structure is
a promising tool to constrain the total mass of neutrinos and possibly shed
light on the mass hierarchy. In this work, we investigate these effects via a
large suite of N-body simulations that include massive neutrinos using an
analytic linear-response approximation: the Cosmological Massive Neutrino
Simulations (MassiveNuS). The simulations include the effects of radiation on
the background expansion, as well as the clustering of neutrinos in response to
the nonlinear dark matter evolution. We allow three cosmological parameters to
vary: the neutrino mass sum M_nu in the range of 0-0.6 eV, the total matter
density Omega_m, and the primordial power spectrum amplitude A_s. The rms
density fluctuation in spheres of 8 comoving Mpc/h (sigma_8) is a derived
parameter as a result. Our data products include N-body snapshots, halo
catalogues, merger trees, ray- traced galaxy lensing convergence maps for four
source redshift planes between z_s=1-2.5, and ray-traced cosmic microwave
background lensing convergence maps. We describe the simulation procedures and
code validation in this paper. The data are publicly available at
this http URL

通过使用大量的 N 体模拟（名为 Cosmological Massive Neutrino Simulations），研究了大量结构演化对三个活动中微子种类的质量总和有抑制作用的效应，并允许三个宇宙学参数变化，公开了数据产品。

宇宙重子中微子大规模模拟（MassiveNuS）

MassiveNuS: Cosmological Massive Neutrino Simulations

Weak gravitational lensing, the deflection of light by mass, is one of the
best tools to constrain the growth of cosmic structure with time and reveal the
nature of dark energy. I discuss the sources of systematic uncertainty in weak
lensing measurements and their theoretical interpretation, including our
current understanding and other options for future improvement. These include
long-standing concerns such as the estimation of coherent shears from galaxy
images or redshift distributions of galaxies selected based on photometric
redshifts, along with systematic uncertainties that have received less
attention to date because they are subdominant contributors to the error budget
in current surveys. I also discuss methods for automated systematics detection
using survey data of the 2020s. The goal of this review is to describe the
current state of the field and what must be done so that if weak lensing
measurements lead toward surprising conclusions about key questions such as the
nature of dark energy, those conclusions will be credible.

本文讨论了弱引力透镜测量中的系统误差来源及其理论解释，并介绍了未来改进的其他选择。包括对宇宙结构生长和暗能量本质的限制等关键问题的探讨和分析。