Emotions are a subject of intense debate in various disciplines. Despite the
proliferation of theories and definitions, there is still no consensus on what
emotions are, and how to model the different concepts involved when we talk
about - or categorize - them. In this paper, we propose an OWL frame-based
ontology of emotions: the Emotion Frames Ontology (EFO). EFO treats emotions as
semantic frames, with a set of semantic roles that capture the different
aspects of emotional experience. EFO follows pattern-based ontology design, and
is aligned to the DOLCE foundational ontology. EFO is used to model multiple
emotion theories, which can be cross-linked as modules in an Emotion Ontology
Network. In this paper, we exemplify it by modeling Ekman's Basic Emotions (BE)
Theory as an EFO-BE module, and demonstrate how to perform automated inferences
on the representation of emotion situations. EFO-BE has been evaluated by
lexicalizing the BE emotion frames from within the Framester knowledge graph,
and implementing a graph-based emotion detector from text. In addition, an EFO
integration of multimodal datasets, including emotional speech and emotional
face expressions, has been performed to enable further inquiry into crossmodal
emotion semantics.

我们提出了一种基于 OWL 框架的情感本体论，Emotion Frames Ontology (EFO)。该本体论将情感视为语义框架，并采用一组语义角色来捕捉情感体验的不同方面。EFO 遵循基于模式的本体论设计，并与 DOLCE 基础本体论对齐。我们通过将 Ekman 的基本情感理论建模为 EFO-BE 模块，实现如何对情感情况的表示进行自动推理来说明 EFO。我们通过对 Framester 知识图谱中的 BE 情感框架进行词汇化，并实现了基于图形的文本情感检测器来评估 EFO-BE。此外，我们还进行了包括情感语音和情感面部表情在内的多模态数据集的 EFO 集成，以进一步探究跨模态情感语义。

情感框架本体论（EFO）

EFO: the Emotion Frame Ontology

DOLCE, the first top-level (foundational) ontology to be axiomatized, has
remained stable for twenty years and today is broadly used in a variety of
domains. DOLCE is inspired by cognitive and linguistic considerations and aims
to model a commonsense view of reality, like the one human beings exploit in
everyday life in areas as diverse as socio-technical systems, manufacturing,
financial transactions and cultural heritage. DOLCE clearly lists the
ontological choices it is based upon, relies on philosophical principles, is
richly formalized, and is built according to well-established ontological
methodologies, e.g. OntoClean. Because of these features, it has inspired most
of the existing top-level ontologies and has been used to develop or improve
standards and public domain resources (e.g. CIDOC CRM, DBpedia and WordNet).
Being a foundational ontology, DOLCE is not directly concerned with domain
knowledge. Its purpose is to provide the general categories and relations
needed to give a coherent view of reality, to integrate domain knowledge, and
to mediate across domains. In these 20 years DOLCE has shown that applied
ontologies can be stable and that interoperability across reference and domain
ontologies is a reality. This paper briefly introduces the ontology and shows
how to use it on a few modeling cases.

DOLCE 是第一个被公理化的顶层本体论，以其基于认知和语言考虑的模型为基础，被广泛应用于各个领域。它清晰列出了其基于的本体论选择，借助哲学原理进行丰富的形式化，并根据成熟的本体论方法构建，如 OntoClean。在过去的 20 年中，DOLCE 表明应用本体论可以稳定，并且在参考和领域本体论之间存在互操作性。本文简要介绍了该本体论并展示了如何在一些建模案例中使用它。