Participatory approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning
(ML) are gaining momentum: the increased attention comes partly with the view
that participation opens the gateway to an inclusive, equitable, robust,
responsible and trustworthy AI.Among other benefits, participatory approaches
are essential to understanding and adequately representing the needs, desires
and perspectives of historically marginalized communities. However, there
currently exists lack of clarity on what meaningful participation entails and
what it is expected to do. In this paper we first review participatory
approaches as situated in historical contexts as well as participatory methods
and practices within the AI and ML pipeline. We then introduce three case
studies in participatory AI.Participation holds the potential for beneficial,
emancipatory and empowering technology design, development and deployment while
also being at risk for concerns such as cooptation and conflation with other
activities. We lay out these limitations and concerns and argue that as
participatory AI/ML becomes in vogue, a contextual and nuanced understanding of
the term as well as consideration of who the primary beneficiaries of
participatory activities ought to be constitute crucial factors to realizing
the benefits and opportunities that participation brings.

本文综述了 AI/ML 管道内的参与方法和做法，在介绍三个案例的同时探讨了参与 AI 的局限性和担忧，讨论了参与活动的主要受益者和参与在设计，开发和部署中的作用。