Systems and individuals produce data continuously. On the Internet, people
share their knowledge, sentiments, and opinions, provide reviews about services
and products, and so on. Automatically learning from these textual data can
provide insights to organizations and institutions, thus preventing financial
impacts, for example. To learn from textual data over time, the machine
learning system must account for concept drift. Concept drift is a frequent
phenomenon in real-world datasets and corresponds to changes in data
distribution over time. For instance, a concept drift occurs when sentiments
change or a word's meaning is adjusted over time. Although concept drift is
frequent in real-world applications, benchmark datasets with labeled drifts are
rare in the literature. To bridge this gap, this paper provides four textual
drift generation methods to ease the production of datasets with labeled
drifts. These methods were applied to Yelp and Airbnb datasets and tested using
incremental classifiers respecting the stream mining paradigm to evaluate their
ability to recover from the drifts. Results show that all methods have their
performance degraded right after the drifts, and the incremental SVM is the
fastest to run and recover the previous performance levels regarding accuracy
and Macro F1-Score.

本文提供了四种文本漂移生成方法，以便生成带有标记漂移的数据集，并使用增量分类器测试它们恢复漂移的能力。结果表明，所有方法在漂移后性能都有所下降，增量支持向量机在准确性和宏 F1 得分方面运行速度最快，恢复了之前的性能水平。