Answer selection and knowledge base question answering (KBQA) are two
important tasks of question answering (QA) systems. Existing methods solve
these two tasks separately, which requires large number of repetitive work and
neglects the rich correlation information between tasks. In this paper, we
tackle answer selection and KBQA tasks simultaneously via multi-task learning
(MTL), motivated by the following motivations. First, both answer selection and
KBQA can be regarded as a ranking problem, with one at text-level while the
other at knowledge-level. Second, these two tasks can benefit each other:
answer selection can incorporate the external knowledge from knowledge base
(KB), while KBQA can be improved by learning contextual information from answer
selection. To fulfill the goal of jointly learning these two tasks, we propose
a novel multi-task learning scheme that utilizes multi-view attention learned
from various perspectives to enable these tasks to interact with each other as
well as learn more comprehensive sentence representations. The experiments
conducted on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed method, and the performance of answer selection and KBQA is improved.
Also, the multi-view attention scheme is proved to be effective in assembling
attentive information from different representational perspectives.

本文使用多任务学习方法和多视角注意力机制，同时处理答案选择和知识库问答问题，并通过在不同视角学习多视角注意力来提高两个任务的性能。

多视角注意力的多任务学习 - 用于答案选择和知识库问答

Multi-Task Learning with Multi-View Attention for Answer Selection and  Knowledge Base Question Answering

The most approaches to Knowledge Base Question Answering are based on
semantic parsing. In this paper, we address the problem of learning vector
representations for complex semantic parses that consist of multiple entities
and relations. Previous work largely focused on selecting the correct semantic
relations for a question and disregarded the structure of the semantic parse:
the connections between entities and the directions of the relations. We
propose to use Gated Graph Neural Networks to encode the graph structure of the
semantic parse. We show on two data sets that the graph networks outperform all
baseline models that do not explicitly model the structure. The error analysis
confirms that our approach can successfully process complex semantic parses.

本研究中，我们提出使用门控图神经网络来编码语义解析的图形结构，以解决学习复杂语义解析向量表示的问题。该方法在两个数据集上均优于不显式建模结构的基线模型，并通过误差分析成功处理复杂语义解析。

基于门控图神经网络的知识库问答语义建模

Modeling Semantics with Gated Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Base  Question Answering

Relation detection is a core component for Knowledge Base Question Answering
(KBQA). In this paper, we propose a KB relation detection model via multi-view
matching which utilizes more useful information extracted from question and KB.
The matching inside each view is through multiple perspectives to compare two
input texts thoroughly. All these components are designed in an end-to-end
trainable neural network model. Experiments on SimpleQuestions and WebQSP yield
state-of-the-art results.

本文提出了一种通过多视图匹配来检测知识库关系的神经网络模型，其中利用了从问题和知识库中提取的更有用的信息。在 SimpleQuestions 和 WebQSP 上的实验取得了最先进的结果。

基于多视图匹配的知识库关系检测

Knowledge Base Relation Detection via Multi-View Matching

Relation detection plays a crucial role in Knowledge Base Question Answering
(KBQA) because of the high variance of relation expression in the question.
Traditional deep learning methods follow an encoding-comparing paradigm, where
the question and the candidate relation are represented as vectors to compare
their semantic similarity. Max- or average- pooling operation, which compresses
the sequence of words into fixed-dimensional vectors, becomes the bottleneck of
information. In this paper, we propose to learn attention-based word-level
interactions between questions and relations to alleviate the bottleneck issue.
Similar to the traditional models, the question and relation are firstly
represented as sequences of vectors. Then, instead of merging the sequence into
a single vector with pooling operation, soft alignments between words from the
question and the relation are learned. The aligned words are subsequently
compared with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the comparison results
are merged finally. Through performing the comparison on low-level
representations, the attention-based word-level interaction model (ABWIM)
relieves the information loss issue caused by merging the sequence into a
fixed-dimensional vector before the comparison. The experimental results of
relation detection on both SimpleQuestions and WebQuestions datasets show that
ABWIM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, demonstrating its effectiveness.

本文提出了一种基于注意力机制的单词级交互模型，旨在缓解序列池化操作对序列信息的损失问题，从而更准确地检测知识库问答中问题与候选关系之间的关系，实验结果在两个数据集上表现出优秀的性能。