Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a ubiquitous part of society, but a
key challenge exists in ensuring that humans are equipped with the required
critical thinking and AI literacy skills to interact with machines effectively
by understanding their capabilities and limitations. These skills are
particularly important for learners to develop in the age of generative AI
where AI tools can demonstrate complex knowledge and ability previously thought
to be uniquely human. To activate effective human-AI partnerships in writing,
this paper provides a first step toward conceptualizing the notion of critical
learner interaction with AI. Using both theoretical models and empirical data,
our preliminary findings suggest a general lack of Deep interaction with AI
during the writing process. We believe that the outcomes can lead to better
task and tool design in the future for learners to develop deep, critical
thinking when interacting with AI.

人工智能（AI）已经成为社会不可或缺的一部分，但确保人类具备必要的批判性思维和 AI 素养技能以有效地与机器交互，并理解其能力和局限性，面临着一个关键挑战。本文通过使用理论模型和实证数据，提出了批判性学生与 AI 进行互动的概念化的第一步。我们的初步发现表明，在写作过程中人与 AI 之间存在缺乏深度互动的情况。我们认为这些结果可以为未来的学习者在与 AI 交互时培养深入的批判性思维提供更好的任务和工具设计方案。