Mathematics is one of the most powerful conceptual systems developed and used
by the human species. Dreams of automated mathematicians have a storied history
in artificial intelligence (AI). Rapid progress in AI, particularly propelled
by advances in large language models (LLMs), has sparked renewed, widespread
interest in building such systems. In this work, we reflect on these goals from
a \textit{cognitive science} perspective. We call attention to several
classical and ongoing research directions from cognitive science, which we
believe are valuable for AI practitioners to consider when seeking to build
truly human (or superhuman)-level mathematical systems. We close with open
discussions and questions that we believe necessitate a multi-disciplinary
perspective -- cognitive scientists working in tandem with AI researchers and
mathematicians -- as we move toward better mathematical AI systems which not
only help us push the frontier of the mathematics, but also offer glimpses into
how we as humans are even capable of such great cognitive feats.

人工智能领域的认知科学视角在构建人类或超人类水平的数学系统方面具有重要价值，通过借鉴认知科学的经典和持续研究方向，与人工智能研究人员和数学家的跨学科合作，可以推动数学人工智能系统的进一步发展。