ChatGPT and other Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models tend to
inherit and even amplify prevailing societal biases as they are trained on
large amounts of existing data. Given the increasing usage of ChatGPT and other
GAI by students, faculty members, and staff in higher education institutions
(HEIs), there is an urgent need to examine the ethical issues involved such as
its potential biases. In this scoping review, we clarify the ways in which
biases related to GAI in higher education settings have been discussed in
recent academic publications and identify what type of potential biases are
commonly reported in this body of literature. We searched for academic articles
written in English, Chinese, and Japanese across four main databases concerned
with GAI usage in higher education and bias. Our findings show that while there
is an awareness of potential biases around large language models (LLMs) and
GAI, the majority of articles touch on ``bias'' at a relatively superficial
level. Few identify what types of bias may occur under what circumstances.
Neither do they discuss the possible implications for the higher education,
staff, faculty members, or students. There is a notable lack of empirical work
at this point, and we call for higher education researchers and AI experts to
conduct more research in this area.

对 ChatGPT 和其他生成人工智能模型（GAI）存在的潜在偏见在高等教育机构（HEIs）中的应用进行了伦理问题的讨论和相关研究的范围审查，结果表明，虽然存在对大型语言模型（LLMs）和 GAI 的潜在偏见的意识，但多数文章只在表面上接触到 “偏见” 问题，很少有人明确指出在什么情况下会发生何种偏见，并且也未对其对高等教育、教职员工或学生可能产生的影响进行讨论。因此，我们呼吁高等教育研究人员和人工智能专家在这个领域进行更多的研究。