Light scattered from multiple surfaces can be used to retrieve information of
hidden environments. However, full three-dimensional retrieval of an object
hidden from view by a wall has only been achieved with scanning systems and
requires intensive computational processing of the retrieved data. Here we use
a non-scanning, single-photon single-pixel detector in combination with an
artificial neural network: this allows us to locate the position and to also
simultaneously provide the actual identity of a hidden person, chosen from a
database of people (N=3). Artificial neural networks applied to specific
computational imaging problems can therefore enable novel imaging capabilities
with hugely simplified hardware and processing times

使用单光子和单像素探测器结合人工神经网络非扫描地全三维检索墙壁后的物体，可同时提供被检测人的位置和身份，从而实现计算成像的新颖功能并大大简化了硬件和处理时间。

使用单像素、单光子探测器的神经网络识别被遮挡人体

Neural network identification of people hidden from view with a  single-pixel, single-photon detector

All telescopes and instruments are to some degree affected by scattered
light. It is possible to estimate the amount of such scattered light, and even
correct for it, with a radially extended point spread function (PSF). The outer
parts of the PSF have only rarely been determined, since they are faint and
therefore difficult to measure. A mostly complete overview of existing
properties and measurements of radially extended PSFs is presented, to both
show their similarities and to indicate how bright extended objects can be used
to measure the faintest regions. The importance of the far wings of the PSF and
their possible temporal variations are demonstrated in three edge-on galaxy
models. The same study is applied to the first edge-on galaxy where earlier
observations reveal a halo, NGC 5907. All PSFs were collected in two diagrams,
after they were offset or normalized, when that was possible.
Surface-brightness structures of edge-on galaxies were modelled and analysed to
study scattered-light haloes that result with an exponential disc. The models
were convolved with both a lower-limit PSF and a more average PSF. The PSF of
the observed data could be used in the case of NGC 5907. The comparison of the
PSFs demonstrates a lower-limit $r^{-2}$ power-law decline at larger radii. The
analysis of the galaxy models shows that also the outer parts of the PSF are
important to correctly model and analyse observations and, in particular,
fainter regions. The reassessed analysis of the earlier measurements of NGC
5907 reveals an explanation for the faint halo in scattered light, within the
quoted level of accuracy.

介绍了现有广泛点扩散函数的特性和测量，分析了根据其模型和点扩散函数来研究分散光晕的表面亮度结构，总结了对观察结果的正确建模和分析的重要性。

漫反射光的影响 I：PSF 及其在 NGC 5907 星系边缘观测中的作用

The influence of diffuse scattered light I. The PSF and its role to  observations of the edge-on galaxy NGC 5907

Imaging with optical resolution through and inside complex samples is a
difficult challenge with important applications in many fields. The fundamental
problem is that inhomogeneous samples, such as biological tissues, randomly
scatter and diffuse light, impeding conventional image formation. Despite many
advancements, no current method enables to noninvasively image in real-time
using diffused light. Here, we show that owing to the memory-effect for speckle
correlations, a single image of the scattered light, captured with a standard
high-resolution camera, encodes all the information that is required to image
through the medium or around a corner. We experimentally demonstrate
single-shot imaging through scattering media and around corners using
incoherent light and various samples, from white paint to dynamic biological
samples. Our lensless technique is simple, does not require laser sources,
wavefront-shaping, nor time-gated detection, and is realized here using a
camera-phone. It has the potential to enable imaging in currently inaccessible
scenarios.

利用散射光的单张图像在不需激光和时间门控检测的情况下，通过电脑摄像头来实现透过散射介质和检测散射光在物体周围的成像。