Buildings account for a substantial portion of global energy consumption.
Reducing buildings' energy usage primarily involves obtaining data from
building systems and environment, which are instrumental in assessing and
optimizing the building's performance. However, as devices from various
manufacturers represent their data in unique ways, this disparity introduces
challenges for semantic interoperability and creates obstacles in developing
scalable building applications. This survey explores the leading semantic
modeling techniques deployed for energy management in buildings. Furthermore,
it aims to offer tangible use cases for applying semantic models, shedding
light on the pivotal concepts and limitations intrinsic to each model. Our
findings will assist researchers in discerning the appropriate circumstances
and methodologies for employing these models in various use cases.

建筑物占据了全球能源消耗的相当大部分。本文调查了应用于建筑物能源管理的主要语义建模技术，并提供了具体的应用案例，揭示了每种模型固有的关键概念和限制。我们的发现将帮助研究人员确定在不同应用场景中使用这些模型的适当条件和方法。