Along with the springing up of semantics-empowered communication (SemCom)
researches, it is now witnessing an unprecedentedly growing interest towards a
wide range of aspects (e.g., theories, applications, metrics and
implementations) in both academia and industry. In this work, we primarily aim
to provide a comprehensive survey on both the background and research taxonomy,
as well as a detailed technical tutorial. Specifically, we start by reviewing
the literature and answering the "what" and "why" questions in semantic
transmissions. Afterwards, we present corresponding ecosystems, including
theories, metrics, datasets and toolkits, on top of which the taxonomy for
research directions is presented. Furthermore, we propose to categorize the
critical enabling techniques by explicit and implicit reasoning-based methods,
and elaborate on how they evolve and contribute to modern content \& channel
semantics-empowered communications. Besides reviewing and summarizing the
latest efforts in SemCom, we discuss the relations with other communication
levels (e.g., reliable and goal-oriented communications) from a holistic and
unified viewpoint. Subsequently, in order to facilitate the future developments
and industrial applications, we also highlight advanced practical techniques
for boosting semantic accuracy, robustness, and large-scale scalability, just
to mention a few. Finally, we discuss the technical challenges that shed light
on future research opportunities.

该论文以综述的形式介绍了 semantic-empowered communication（SemCom）研究的背景、研究分类以及相关生态。该论文还介绍了理论、度量标准、数据集和工具包等方面的分类，并且详细说明了 SemCom 的关键技术方法和未来的研究方向。同时该论文还探讨了 SemCom 与其他通信层次的关系，并提出了在语义准确性、鲁棒性和大规模可扩展性方面的实用技术。