Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems where a decision making
(cyber/control) component is tightly integrated with a physical system (with
sensing/actuation) to enable real-time monitoring and control. Recently, there
has been significant research effort in viewing and optimizing physical
infrastructure in built environments as CPS, even if the control action is not
in real-time. Some examples of infrastructure CPS include electrical power
grids; water distribution networks; transportation and logistics networks;
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in buildings; etc. Complexity
arises in infrastructure CPS from the large scale of operations; heterogeneity
of system components; dynamic and uncertain operating conditions; and
goal-driven decision making and control with time-bounded task completion
guarantees. For control optimization, an infrastructure CPS is typically viewed
as a system of semi-autonomous sub-systems with a network of sensors and uses
distributed control optimization to achieve system-wide objectives that are
typically measured and quantified by better, cheaper, or faster system
performance. In this article, we first illustrate the scope for control
optimization in common infrastructure CPS. Next, we present a brief overview of
current optimization techniques. Finally, we share our research position with a
description of specific optimization approaches and their challenges for
infrastructure CPS of the future.

本文讨论了基础设施网络控制的范围和优化技术，将基础设施 CPS 视为具有半自治子系统的系统，并使用分布式控制优化来实现整个系统的目标。