With the advent of general-purpose Generative AI, the interest in discerning
its impact on the labor market escalates. In an attempt to bridge the extant
empirical void, we interpret the launch of ChatGPT as an exogenous shock, and
implement a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to quantify its influence
on text-related jobs and freelancers within an online labor marketplace. Our
results reveal a significant decrease in transaction volume for gigs and
freelancers directly exposed to ChatGPT. Additionally, this decline is
particularly marked in units of relatively higher past transaction volume or
lower quality standards. Yet, the negative effect is not universally
experienced among service providers. Subsequent analyses illustrate that
freelancers proficiently adapting to novel advancements and offering services
that augment AI technologies can yield substantial benefits amidst this
transformative period. Consequently, even though the advent of ChatGPT could
conceivably substitute existing occupations, it also unfolds immense
opportunities and carries the potential to reconfigure the future of work. This
research contributes to the limited empirical repository exploring the profound
influence of LLM-based generative AI on the labor market, furnishing invaluable
insights for workers, job intermediaries, and regulatory bodies navigating this
evolving landscape.

发现通用生成人工智能对劳动力市场的影响成为关注焦点，本研究利用 ChatGPT 的推出作为外生冲击因素，采用差异性比较方法 (DID) 量化其对在线劳动力市场中与文本相关的工作和自由职业者的影响。研究结果显示，直接受到 ChatGPT 影响的兼职工作和自由职业者的交易量显著下降，尤其对过去交易量较高或质量标准较低的工作影响更大。然而，并非所有服务提供商都普遍经历负面效应，随后的分析表明，在这个变革时期，善于适应新技术并提供增强人工智能技术的服务的自由职业者可以获得巨大的利益。因此，尽管 ChatGPT 的出现可能会替代现有的职业，但也带来了巨大的机遇，并有可能重新配置未来的工作。本研究对有限的经验数据库在基于语言模型的生成人工智能对劳动力市场的深远影响方面作出了贡献，并为工人、职业中介和监管机构在这个不断变化的领域提供了宝贵的见解。