In a transport network, the onboard occupancy is key for gaining insights
into travelers' habits and adjusting the offer. Traditionally, operators have
relied on field studies to evaluate ridership of a typical workday. However,
automated fare collection (AFC) and automatic passenger counting (APC) data,
which provide complete temporal coverage, are often available but
underexploited. It should be noted, however, that each data source comes with
its own biases: AFC data may not account for fraud, while not all vehicles are
equipped with APC systems.
This paper introduces the unified occupancy method, a geostatistical model to
extrapolate occupancy to every course of a public transportation network by
combining AFC and APC data with partial coverage. Unified occupancy completes
missing APC information for courses on lines where other courses have APC
measures, as well as for courses on lines where no APC data is available at
all. The accuracy of this method is evaluated on real data from several public
transportation networks in France.

该研究介绍了一种名为统一乘客占用方法的地理统计模型，通过结合自动票务收集和自动客流计数数据，对公共交通网络中的每一条路线进行乘客占用推算，以填补数据覆盖的不足。该方法的准确性已在法国几个公共交通网络的真实数据上进行评估。

通过联合使用 AFC 和 APC 数据在公共交通网络上实现统一占用率

Unified Occupancy on a Public Transport Network through Combination of  AFC and APC Data

Mobility is a key factor in urban life and transport network plays a vital
role in mobility. Worse transport network having less mobility is one of the
key reasons to decline the living standard in any unplanned mega city.
Transport mobility enhancement in an unplanned mega city is always challenging
due to various constraints including complex design and high cost involvement.
The aim of this thesis is to enhance transport mobility in a megacity
introducing a bicycle lane. To design the bicycle lane natural Physarum,
brainless single celled multi-nucleated protist, is studied and modified for
better optimization. Recently Physarum inspired techniques are drawn
significant attention to the construction of effective networks. Exiting
Physarum inspired models effectively and efficiently solves different problems
including transport network design and modification and implication for bicycle
lane is the unique contribution of this study. Central area of Dhaka, the
capital city of Bangladesh, is considered to analyze and design the bicycle
lane network bypassing primary roads.

在不规划的大城市中，交通网络是维持城市生活活力的关键因素之一，而引入自行车道的设计优化可提升交通流动性，本研究通过对自然粘液菌进行研究和修改提出了适用于 Dhaka 中心地带的自行车道网络构建方案。

拟黏菌于拥堵大城市自行车道网络设计

Physarum Inspired Bicycle Lane Network Design in a Congested Mega City

A cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) is a network architecture that holds
the promise of meeting the explosive growth of mobile data traffic. In this
architecture, all the baseband signal processing is shifted to a single
baseband unit (BBU) pool, which enables efficient resource allocation and
interference management. Meanwhile, conventional powerful base stations can be
replaced by low-cost low-power remote radio heads (RRHs), producing a green and
low-cost infrastructure. However, as all the RRHs need to be connected to the
BBU pool through optical transport links, the transport network power
consumption becomes significant. In this paper, we propose a new framework to
design a green Cloud-RAN, which is formulated as a joint RRH selection and
power minimization beamforming problem. To efficiently solve this problem, we
first propose a greedy selection algorithm, which is shown to provide near-
optimal performance. To further reduce the complexity, a novel group sparse
beamforming method is proposed by inducing the group-sparsity of beamformers
using the weighted $\ell_1/\ell_2$-norm minimization, where the group sparsity
pattern indicates those RRHs that can be switched off. Simulation results will
show that the proposed algorithms significantly reduce the network power
consumption and demonstrate the importance of considering the transport link
power consumption.

该研究提出了一种新的框架来设计绿色 Cloud-RAN，包括 RRH 选择和功率最小化波束成形问题，通过引入群组稀疏性和加权的 l1/l2 范数最小化来解决这个问题，结果显示，该算法显着降低了网络功耗并减少了传输链接的功耗。